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Steinmetz Decoded

Symbolic AC And Complex Quantities

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Why This Family Matters

Section titled “Why This Family Matters”

Routes equations where Steinmetz turns alternating quantities into symbolic algebra.

364

candidate records in this family.

296

reviewable relation candidates.

9

sources represented.

Candidate Formula Cards

Section titled “Candidate Formula Cards”

These are OCR candidates. They remain plain text until a reviewer checks the scan and promotes the formula into a curated math page.

#1Theoretical Elements of Electrical EngineeringTheory Section 3: Generation of E.m.f.- line 1101
Priority OCR formula candidatee = 2 7r/n$ sin r the instantaneous generated e.m.f.
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#2Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 5: Symbolic Method- line 3242
Priority OCR formula candidateB = 6’ + jh” = 6(cos 13 + j sin /3)
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#3Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 8: Circuits Containing Resistance, Inductance, And Capacity- line 4185
Priority OCR formula candidateis r - j (x -f x0} = r = .6, x + x0 = 0, and tan S>0 = 0 ;
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#4Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 9: Circuits Containing Resistance, Inductive Reactance, And Condensive Reactance- line 5453
Priority OCR formula candidateis r - j {x + Xo) = r = 0.6, x -{- Xo = 0, and tan do = 0; that
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#5Theory and Calculation of Electric ApparatusChapter 1: Speed Control Of Induction Motors- line 1689
Priority OCR formula candidate= - J = (tan a - j) (7)
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#6Theoretical Elements of Electrical EngineeringTheory Section 4: Power and Effective Values- line 1257
Priority OCR formula candidateIf an alternating current i = I0 sin 6 passes through a resist-
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#7Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 1: Introduction- line 976
Priority OCR formula candidate1.) Ohm’s law : i = e j r, where r, the resistance, is a
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#8Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 1: Introduction- line 1237
Priority OCR formula candidate1.) Ohm’s law : i = e j r, where r, the resistance, is a
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#9Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 5: Symbolic Method- line 2645
Priority OCR formula candidateor, if E = e -\-je’ is the impressed E.M.F., and 7 = i ’ -\- ji’
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#10Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 7: Polar Coordinates And Polar Diagrams- line 3818
Priority OCR formula candidate/, upon the e.m.f., or by IE cos d, where 9 = angle of time-
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#11Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 8: Capacity- line 4264
Priority OCR formula candidatebut E = E^y I^E^j z. If x^ > - 2,t-, it raises, if ;r < - 2 jr,
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#12Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 9: Kbsistanci: And Kbactance Of Transmission Iine8- line 6819
Priority OCR formula candidatea maximum for dP^j db = 0, that is, according to § 61, if -
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#13Theoretical Elements of Electrical EngineeringTheory Section 4: Power and Effective Values- line 1290
Priority OCR formula candidatee.m.f., e = EQ sin 6.
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#14Four Lectures on Relativity and SpaceLecture 3: Gravitation And The Gravitational Fleld- line 3009
Priority OCR formula candidateat A and is tan C02 = Vijv^ (thus being greater) when the
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#15Four Lectures on Relativity and SpaceLecture 4: The Characteristics Of Space A. The Geometry Of The Gravitational Field- line 4628
Priority OCR formula candidateR = j/VK. (15)
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#16General Lectures on Electrical EngineeringLecture 3: Light And Power Distribution- line 1459
Priority OCR formula candidatecopper of No. 5, or j of ;j = ^: Cu. = ^
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#17Radiation, Light and IlluminationLecture 2: Relation Of Bodies To Radiation- line 1697
Priority OCR formula candidateFH = DH sin a, and DL = DH sin av (1)
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#18Radiation, Light and IlluminationLecture 8: Arc Lamps And Arc Lighting- line 7233
Priority OCR formula candidatecubic hyperbolas: e^i = kz2; or, el =- £j and since we find for
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#19Radiation, Light and IlluminationLecture 10: Light Flux And Distribution- line 9574
Priority OCR formula candidatefc1 = 2 TT / sin <t>dfa (3)
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#20Theoretical Elements of Electrical EngineeringTheory Section 1: Magnetism and Electric Current- line 812
Priority OCR formula candidatecos r = - - - - = 0.4
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#21Theoretical Elements of Electrical EngineeringTheory Section 1: Magnetism and Electric Current- line 892
Priority OCR formula candidateiron is /z4 = 280 at B4 = 2850. Thus the field intensity/ H = - j
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#22Theoretical Elements of Electrical EngineeringTheory Section 3: Generation of E.m.f.- line 1140
Priority OCR formula candidatee = 2 irfn$ sin 2 IT} (t - ti)
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#23Theoretical Elements of Electrical EngineeringTheory Section 3: Generation of E.m.f.- line 1141
Priority OCR formula candidateor, e = 2-jrfn& sin (6 - 0i),
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#24Theoretical Elements of Electrical EngineeringTheory Section 4: Power and Effective Values- line 1260
Priority OCR formula candidatei*r = 702r sin2 0 = ^r C1 ~ cos 2 0),
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#25Theoretical Elements of Electrical EngineeringTheory Section 4: Power and Effective Values- line 1423
Priority OCR formula candidatee = E0 sin (0 - 0i) = 273 sin (0 - 0i) ;
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#26Theoretical Elements of Electrical EngineeringTheory Section 4: Power and Effective Values- line 1427
Priority OCR formula candidatee = 273 sin 210 (t - h).
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#27Theoretical Elements of Electrical EngineeringTheory Section 5: Self-inductance and Mutual Inductance- line 1694
Priority OCR formula candidatee = - -j-. L 108 absolute units
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#28Theoretical Elements of Electrical EngineeringTheory Section 7: Inductance in Alternating-current Circuits- line 2252
Priority OCR formula candidate34. An alternating current i = IQ sin 2irft or i - I0 sin 0
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#29Theoretical Elements of Electrical EngineeringTheory Section 7: Inductance in Alternating-current Circuits- line 2266
Priority OCR formula candidatei = /0 sin 2 IT/ (t - t’),
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#30Theoretical Elements of Electrical EngineeringTheory Section 7: Inductance in Alternating-current Circuits- line 2272
Priority OCR formula candidatei = IQ sin 6 passes through a circuit of resistance r and induc-
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#31Theoretical Elements of Electrical EngineeringTheory Section 7: Inductance in Alternating-current Circuits- line 2310
Priority OCR formula candidate2 irft = /o sin 0) of effective value
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#32Theoretical Elements of Electrical EngineeringTheory Section 7: Inductance in Alternating-current Circuits- line 2321
Priority OCR formula candidatee’2 = - xI0 cos 2 irft = - xIQ cos 6,
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#33Theoretical Elements of Electrical EngineeringTheory Section 7: Inductance in Alternating-current Circuits- line 2337
Priority OCR formula candidatee’z = - xIQ cos 0,
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#34Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 1: Introduction- line 1307
Priority OCR formula candidatety : i = 7i sin 2 TT N(t - A) + 7, sin 6 TT N (t - /3)
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#35Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 1: Introduction- line 1485
Priority OCR formula candidatei = 1 sin 2 -wjl,
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#36Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 1: Introduction- line 1486
Priority OCR formula candidate/ = / sin =^ (/ - A) = /sin 2 tt A” (/ - A) ;
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#37Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 1: Introduction- line 1487
Priority OCR formula candidateand i = I cos 2 tt/^.
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#38Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 1: Introduction- line 1495
Priority OCR formula candidatei = /1 sin 2-KJ{t - ti) + h sin 4 7r/(i - ^2)
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#39Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 1: Introduction- line 1519
Priority OCR formula candidatei = Ai sin 2 tt/^ + A2 sin 4 x// + A3 sin 6 tt/^ + …
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#40Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 1: Introduction- line 1533
Priority OCR formula candidatei = 7] sin 2 Trf(t - ti) + 1 3 sin 6 Trf(t - ts)
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#41Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 1: Introduction- line 1537
Priority OCR formula candidatei = A\ sin 2Tvft + A3 sin 6x/f + ^5 sin lOvr/^ + …
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#42Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 1: Introduction- line 1568
Priority OCR formula candidatei = Ai sin 2 vNt + A, sin 4 ttNI + A, sin C irNl + …
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#43Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 4: Graphic Representation- line 2109
Priority OCR formula candidateE0 = V(^ cos w + Ir)2 -f- (E sin w + Ix)z.
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#44Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 4: Graphic Befrisxintation- line 2201
Priority OCR formula candidateThus, for instance, at the amplitude AOB^ == </>j = 2ir/j/ T’
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#45Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 4: Vector Representation- line 2211
Priority OCR formula candidatei = I cos (?> - ??2),
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#46Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 4: Vector Representation- line 2248
Priority OCR formula candidatei = / cos (?? - /3)
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#47Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 4: Vector Representation- line 2268
Priority OCR formula candidatee = E cos (i? 4- a’) -
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#48Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 4: Vector Representation- line 2270
Priority OCR formula candidatei = I cos {t} + /3’)
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#49Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 4: Vector Representation- line 2279
Priority OCR formula candidatei = I cos (?? - /3)
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#50Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 5: Symbolic Method- line 2385
Priority OCR formula candidateffo = Vfr2 + S^2 + 20^ sin Wi,
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#51Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 5: Symbolic Method- line 2531
Priority OCR formula candidatesince y’2 = - 1, j = V- 1 ;
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#52Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 4: Vector Representation- line 2552
Priority OCR formula candidateEa = V{E COS 6 4- /r)2 + (E sin 6 + Ixy.
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#53Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 5: Symbouc Mbthod- line 2759
Priority OCR formula candidate100 volts, and /j = 75 amperes, for a non-inductive secon-
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#54Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 5: Symbolic Method- line 2767
Priority OCR formula candidate- /V) , tan w0 =
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#55Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 5: Symbouc Mbthod- line 2810
Priority OCR formula candidate$Fo = V^H^i’ + 2 IFSFi sin Wi ,
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#56Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 5: Symbolic Method- line 2842
Priority OCR formula candidateh = 7 sin ^ is the vertical component of the sine wave.
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#57Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 5: Symbolic Method- line 2961
Priority OCR formula candidatej’ = - 1,
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#58Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 5: Symbolic Method- line 2988
Priority OCR formula candidatesystem of ordinary numbers, this definition of j = V - 1 does
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#59Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 5: Symbolic Method- line 3040
Priority OCR formula candidateI = {a + a’) +j(6 + 6’).
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#60Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 5: Symbolic Method- line 3206
Priority OCR formula candidateor e.o = \/(e + ir)- + {ix^, tan ^o = - 77^-
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#61Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 5: Symbolic Method- line 3243
Priority OCR formula candidate0 = 0’+ jc” = c(cos T + j sin 7)
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#62Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 5: Symbolic Method- line 3254
Priority OCR formula candidate^ = -[cos (a + |3 - 7) + j sin (a + |8 - 7)],
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#63Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 7: Polar Coordinates And Polar Diagrams- line 3710
Priority OCR formula candidatec = OC cos (0 - 0o).
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#64Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 8: Circuits Containing Resistance, Inductance, And Capacity- line 3758
Priority OCR formula candidateZ -jx0 = r-j(x +#e).
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#65Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 7: Polar Coordinates And Polar Diagrams- line 3849
Priority OCR formula candidatei = I cos’ (?9 - 0)
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#66Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 8: Circuits Containing Resistance, Inductance, And Capacity- line 4151
Priority OCR formula candidatecircuit •- z= 1 Qj r = 1>0> x= 0 (Curve j)
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#67Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 8: Circuits Containing Resistance, Inductance, And Capacity- line 4323
Priority OCR formula candidate&Q = ro JXoi ZQ = V f0 -j- Xo ,
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#68Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 8: Capacity- line 4438
Priority OCR formula candidateis r - y (.r + ;r^) = r = .6, x + x^ = 0, and tan w^ = ;
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#69Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 8: Capacity- line 5327
Priority OCR formula candidateX = .9, X = Oy X = - .9, and Z^ = .3 -j .4.
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#70Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current PhenomenaChapter 9: Kbsistanci: And Kbactance Of Transmission Iine8- line 6913
Priority OCR formula candidatethis case, a = ::^j 2 r,,, while in a continuous-current circuit
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#71Theory and Calculation of Electric ApparatusChapter 1: Speed Control Of Induction Motors- line 1457
Priority OCR formula candidateZo = r„+ j”j:0 =0.1 +0.3j;
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.

#72Theory and Calculation of Electric ApparatusChapter 1: Speed Control Of Induction Motors- line 1699
Priority OCR formula candidateAssuming tan a = 0.6, which is a fair value for a closed mag-
Why this is not rendered automatically

This line is OCR/PDF-derived candidate text. Treat it as a pointer to the source scan, not as a verified mathematical transcription.